Indian Journal of Science and Research

Title: A STUDY OF RECYCLING AND WASTE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND PRODUCTS WITH LEGAL ASPECTS.
Author: Dr.Dharmendra Dubey, Dr Mritunjai Pandey, Shreyas Pande, and Dr Shweta Umale
Keyword: Recycling, Waste Management, Mechanical Systems, Laws and Regulations
Page No: 78-83

Abstract: Recycling and waste management play a vital role in promoting sustainability and reducing the environmental impact of mechanical systems and products. This abstract outlines potential research topics related to recycling and waste management for mechanical systems and products, including the development of innovative recycling and waste management technologies, life cycle assessment of mechanical products, closed-loop supply chains, evaluation of the effectiveness of policies and regulations, analysis of consumer attitudes and behaviors, and the impact of emerging technologies. By exploring these topics, researchers can identify opportunities for improving recycling and waste management strategies, developing more sustainable mechanical systems and products, and advancing the goal of a circular economy.. Keywords: Recycling, Waste Management, Mechanical Systems, Laws and Regulations Download PDF

Title: A STUDY OF RECYCLING AND WASTE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND PRODUCTS WITH LEGAL ASPECTS.
Author: Dr.Dharmendra Dubey, Dr Mritunjai Pandey, Shreyas Pande, and Dr Shweta Umale
Keyword: Recycling, Waste Management, Mechanical Systems, Laws and Regulations
Page No: 78-83

Abstract: Recycling and waste management play a vital role in promoting sustainability and reducing the environmental impact of mechanical systems and products. This abstract outlines potential research topics related to recycling and waste management for mechanical systems and products, including the development of innovative recycling and waste management technologies, life cycle assessment of mechanical products, closed-loop supply chains, evaluation of the effectiveness of policies and regulations, analysis of consumer attitudes and behaviors, and the impact of emerging technologies. By exploring these topics, researchers can identify opportunities for improving recycling and waste management strategies, developing more sustainable mechanical systems and products, and advancing the goal of a circular economy.. Keywords: Recycling, Waste Management, Mechanical Systems, Laws and Regulations Download PDF

Title: QUALITY CONTROL, STANDARDIZATION AND FORMULATION OF Nyctanthes arbor tristis
Author: Dr. Deenanath Jhade, Priyesha Titre*, Nayan Waghmare, Vishakha Thombare, Karina Zuge
Keyword: Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, Soxhlet extraction, Phytochemical screening, Herbal cream
Page No: 84-87

Abstract: Nyctanthes arbor tristis is well known for its fragrance and white orange flowers. Nyctanthes arbor tristis is commonly known as Night jasmine, Parijat, Harsinghar. The present study on this plant was performed to show the phytochemical activity of the extract of leaves of Nyctanthes arbor tristis. For this study, crude powder of leaves extract were taken. Successive solvent extraction method in a soxhlet extractor using different (hexane,benzene,acetone,water) was performed. The phytochemical screening was carried out on different extract solvents and observed. From this data investigated above, a herbal cream using N.arbor tristis was formulated. The herbal cream was formulated for nourshing and moisturing the skin. Evaluation parameters like stability, organoleptic properties, pH, homogeneity were performed. Keywords: Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, Soxhlet extraction, Phytochemical screening, Herbal cream Download PDF

Title: QUALITY CONTROL, STANDARDIZATION AND FORMULATION OF Nyctanthes arbor tristis
Author: Dr. Deenanath Jhade, Priyesha Titre*, Nayan Waghmare, Vishakha Thombare, Karina Zuge
Keyword: Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, Soxhlet extraction, Phytochemical screening, Herbal cream
Page No: 84-87

Abstract: Nyctanthes arbor tristis is well known for its fragrance and white orange flowers. Nyctanthes arbor tristis is commonly known as Night jasmine, Parijat, Harsinghar. The present study on this plant was performed to show the phytochemical activity of the extract of leaves of Nyctanthes arbor tristis. For this study, crude powder of leaves extract were taken. Successive solvent extraction method in a soxhlet extractor using different (hexane,benzene,acetone,water) was performed. The phytochemical screening was carried out on different extract solvents and observed. From this data investigated above, a herbal cream using N.arbor tristis was formulated. The herbal cream was formulated for nourshing and moisturing the skin. Evaluation parameters like stability, organoleptic properties, pH, homogeneity were performed. Keywords: Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, Soxhlet extraction, Phytochemical screening, Herbal cream Download PDF

Title: THE IMPACT OF MANUAL AND AUTOMATIC TESTING ON SOFTWARE TESTING EFFICIENCY AND EFFECTIVENESS
Author: Khin Shin Thant, Hlaing Htake Khaung Tin
Keyword: Impact, manual testing, automatic testing, software testing, efficiency, effectiveness.
Page No: 88-93

Abstract: Software testing is a crucial process that ensures the quality and reliability of software products. Two common approaches to software testing are manual and automatic testing. Manual testing involves testers executing test cases manually, while automatic testing involves the use of software tools to execute tests automatically. The choice between manual and automatic testing has significant implications for the efficiency and effectiveness of the software testing process. This research paper examines the impact of manual and automatic testing on software testing efficiency and effectiveness. The study analyzes data collected from a software testing project that utilized both manual and automatic testing techniques. The research uses quantitative analysis to compare the efficiency and effectiveness of manual and automatic testing in terms of time, cost, test coverage, and defect detection. The findings of the study indicate that automatic testing is more efficient than manual testing in terms of time and cost. However, manual testing is more effective than automatic testing in terms of test coverage and defect detection. The study also identifies the strengths and weaknesses of each approach and suggests a hybrid approach that combines the advantages of both manual and automatic testing. This research contributes to the understanding of the impact of manual and automatic testing on software testing efficiency and effectiveness. This study provides insights for software development teams to make informed decisions about the appropriate testing approach to adopt based on the specific requirements of the software project. Keywords: Impact, manual testing, automatic testing, software testing, efficiency, effectiveness. Download PDF

Title: THE IMPACT OF MANUAL AND AUTOMATIC TESTING ON SOFTWARE TESTING EFFICIENCY AND EFFECTIVENESS
Author: Khin Shin Thant, Hlaing Htake Khaung Tin
Keyword: Impact, manual testing, automatic testing, software testing, efficiency, effectiveness.
Page No: 88-93

Abstract: Software testing is a crucial process that ensures the quality and reliability of software products. Two common approaches to software testing are manual and automatic testing. Manual testing involves testers executing test cases manually, while automatic testing involves the use of software tools to execute tests automatically. The choice between manual and automatic testing has significant implications for the efficiency and effectiveness of the software testing process. This research paper examines the impact of manual and automatic testing on software testing efficiency and effectiveness. The study analyzes data collected from a software testing project that utilized both manual and automatic testing techniques. The research uses quantitative analysis to compare the efficiency and effectiveness of manual and automatic testing in terms of time, cost, test coverage, and defect detection. The findings of the study indicate that automatic testing is more efficient than manual testing in terms of time and cost. However, manual testing is more effective than automatic testing in terms of test coverage and defect detection. The study also identifies the strengths and weaknesses of each approach and suggests a hybrid approach that combines the advantages of both manual and automatic testing. This research contributes to the understanding of the impact of manual and automatic testing on software testing efficiency and effectiveness. This study provides insights for software development teams to make informed decisions about the appropriate testing approach to adopt based on the specific requirements of the software project. Keywords: Impact, manual testing, automatic testing, software testing, efficiency, effectiveness. Download PDF

Title: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CCCD AND BOX-BEHNKEN DESIGNS FOR A PROLONG WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK LIFETIME THROUGH AN ADAPTIVE NONPARAMETRIC REGRESSION MODEL
Author: Eguasa O.* and Akhideno I. O.
Keyword: Box-Behnken Design, Circumscribed central composite design, Delay transmission, Idle power consumption, Transition time, Wireless Sensor Network
Page No: 94-101

Abstract: In a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) with multi-response application, Design of Experiment (DOE) techniques plays a vital role in suggesting the most appropriate choice of factors and their respective c oded levels that would satisfy the process requirement either for research or industrial applications. Hence, in this work, two DOE techniques namely; the Box-Behnken Design (BBD) with coded design levels, -1,0,+1 and the Circumscribed Central Composite Design (CCCD) with coded design levels, -a,-1,0,+1,+a were introduced. In the application, the two designs, the BBD and CCCD were subjected to Response Surface Methodology (RSM) data and were analyzed. The result in terms of goodness-of-fit statistics show that the BBD outperformed the CCCD suggesting that the design do not require a (axial points) and as such the BBD is the appropriate DOE technique for the multi-response problem with responses; Delay transmission, Idle power consumption and Transition time. Keywords: Box-Behnken Design, Circumscribed central composite design, Delay transmission, Idle power consumption, Transition time, Wireless Sensor Network Download PDF

Title: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CCCD AND BOX-BEHNKEN DESIGNS FOR A PROLONG WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK LIFETIME THROUGH AN ADAPTIVE NONPARAMETRIC REGRESSION MODEL
Author: Eguasa O.* and Akhideno I. O.
Keyword: Box-Behnken Design, Circumscribed central composite design, Delay transmission, Idle power consumption, Transition time, Wireless Sensor Network
Page No: 94-101

Abstract: In a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) with multi-response application, Design of Experiment (DOE) techniques plays a vital role in suggesting the most appropriate choice of factors and their respective c oded levels that would satisfy the process requirement either for research or industrial applications. Hence, in this work, two DOE techniques namely; the Box-Behnken Design (BBD) with coded design levels, -1,0,+1 and the Circumscribed Central Composite Design (CCCD) with coded design levels, -a,-1,0,+1,+a were introduced. In the application, the two designs, the BBD and CCCD were subjected to Response Surface Methodology (RSM) data and were analyzed. The result in terms of goodness-of-fit statistics show that the BBD outperformed the CCCD suggesting that the design do not require a (axial points) and as such the BBD is the appropriate DOE technique for the multi-response problem with responses; Delay transmission, Idle power consumption and Transition time. Keywords: Box-Behnken Design, Circumscribed central composite design, Delay transmission, Idle power consumption, Transition time, Wireless Sensor Network Download PDF

Title: INVESTIGATION OF NOVEL MATERIALS FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC MOTOR DESIGN
Author: Nutankumar Kale, Dr. Dharmendra Kr Dubey, Manoj Dongare
Keyword: Novel materials, Electromagnetic Motor, Analysis
Page No: 102-107

Abstract: This study aims to investigate the potential of novel materials for improving the design of electromagnetic motors. The research involves a comprehensive analysis of various materials, including advan ced composites, nano materials, and superconductors, and their suitability for use in electromagnetic motor applications. The study includes experimental testing and analysis of the materials' properties, such as conductivity, magnetic permeability, and thermal stability, and evaluates their potential impact on motor performance, efficiency, and reliability. The research also explores the use of advanced simulation techniques for modeling the behavior of the materials in electromagnetic motor applications. The findings of this study could have significant implications for the development of more efficient and reliable electromagnetic motors, with potential benefits for various industries, including transportation, renewable energy systems, and industrial automation. Keywords: Novel materials, Electromagnetic Motor, Analysis Download PDF

Title: INVESTIGATION OF NOVEL MATERIALS FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC MOTOR DESIGN
Author: Nutankumar Kale, Dr. Dharmendra Kr Dubey, Manoj Dongare
Keyword: Novel materials, Electromagnetic Motor, Analysis
Page No: 102-107

Abstract: This study aims to investigate the potential of novel materials for improving the design of electromagnetic motors. The research involves a comprehensive analysis of various materials, including advan ced composites, nano materials, and superconductors, and their suitability for use in electromagnetic motor applications. The study includes experimental testing and analysis of the materials' properties, such as conductivity, magnetic permeability, and thermal stability, and evaluates their potential impact on motor performance, efficiency, and reliability. The research also explores the use of advanced simulation techniques for modeling the behavior of the materials in electromagnetic motor applications. The findings of this study could have significant implications for the development of more efficient and reliable electromagnetic motors, with potential benefits for various industries, including transportation, renewable energy systems, and industrial automation. Keywords: Novel materials, Electromagnetic Motor, Analysis Download PDF

Title: FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF MATRIX TABLET OF INDOMETHACIN USING NATURAL POLYSACCHARIDE
Author: Smriti Kumari*, Dharmendra Singh Rajput, Naveen Gupta, Neeraj Sharma
Keyword: Indomethacin, Matrix Tablet, Eudragit S100, Colon Specific Delivery System, GIT
Page No: 108-113

Abstract: The present study was carried out to develop matrix tablet for Indomethacin using a combination of Tamarind seed polysaccharide (TSP) and Eudragit S100 as carriers. Matrix tablets containing varying c oncentration (3 0% - 70 %) of TSP along with 30 % Eudragit S100 were prepared by wet granulation method and subjected to in vitro drug release studies. Matrix tablets containing 50 % TSP and 30 % Eudragit S100 (F3 BATCH) was found to release the maximum amount of drug after 24 hour of dissolution study. Drug release achieved from matrix tablets containing a) Guar gum (50%) + Edragit S100 (30%) and b) Guar gum (50%) + Pectin (35%) + Eudragit S100(30%) was little lesser respectively. Though there was statistically significant difference in the amount of drug released from these formulations, a combination of TSP and Eudragit S100 may be considered as a potential candidate for targeting Indomethacin to rheumatic patient.Download PDF

Title: FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF MATRIX TABLET OF INDOMETHACIN USING NATURAL POLYSACCHARIDE
Author: Smriti Kumari*, Dharmendra Singh Rajput, Naveen Gupta, Neeraj Sharma
Keyword: Indomethacin, Matrix Tablet, Eudragit S100, Colon Specific Delivery System, GIT
Page No: 108-113

Abstract: The present study was carried out to develop matrix tablet for Indomethacin using a combination of Tamarind seed polysaccharide (TSP) and Eudragit S100 as carriers. Matrix tablets containing varying c oncentration (3 0% - 70 %) of TSP along with 30 % Eudragit S100 were prepared by wet granulation method and subjected to in vitro drug release studies. Matrix tablets containing 50 % TSP and 30 % Eudragit S100 (F3 BATCH) was found to release the maximum amount of drug after 24 hour of dissolution study. Drug release achieved from matrix tablets containing a) Guar gum (50%) + Edragit S100 (30%) and b) Guar gum (50%) + Pectin (35%) + Eudragit S100(30%) was little lesser respectively. Though there was statistically significant difference in the amount of drug released from these formulations, a combination of TSP and Eudragit S100 may be considered as a potential candidate for targeting Indomethacin to rheumatic patient.Download PDF

Title: PLAGIARISM: AN ACT AGAINST THE RESEARCH ETHICS
Author: Hetalbahen Mohanbhai Baria, Radha Pulandar Sinh Kushvah, Madhuri Kalpeshbhai Bamaniya, Dhvaniben Naimeshbhai Suthar & Tapan Kumar Mahato*
Keyword: Plagiarism, plagiarism detection software, plagiarism checking software, penalty of plagiarism, reasons of plagiarism, avoiding plagiarism.
Page No: 114-119

Abstract: Simply said, the goal of every research project is to uncover new information that can be used to solve an issue. Evidence from scientific research lends credibility to the work, not just in the count ry where it is done, but globally. That can only be accomplished with a wholly honest study. Plagiarism occurs when one uses another person's research or writing as one's own without properly attributing the source. Plagiarism is unethical and should be avoided at all costs. Plagiarism can occur for a variety of reasons, both deliberate and unintentional. Universities use a variety of anti-plagiarism programs, but they all tolerate plagiarism at levels of 15–20% because thesis or article preparation is impossible without the use of laws, quotes, formulae, etc., that must be used exactly as written. There is both free and commercial software for finding instances of plagiarism, with the latter being preferred due to its reliability, accuracy, and user-friendliness in the face of potential misuse of uploaded theses and articles. Researchers who plagiarize risk having their funding cut off by the university's grant commission, which views plagiarism as akin to a crime. Plagiarism can only be stopped by strictly enforcing the rules. This article will help the students as well as the researchers to understand the plagiarism, reasons of plagiarism, types, penalties as per University grant commission declared in 2018 and plagiarism detection software (free and commercial). Download PDF

Title: PLAGIARISM: AN ACT AGAINST THE RESEARCH ETHICS
Author: Hetalbahen Mohanbhai Baria, Radha Pulandar Sinh Kushvah, Madhuri Kalpeshbhai Bamaniya, Dhvaniben Naimeshbhai Suthar & Tapan Kumar Mahato*
Keyword: Plagiarism, plagiarism detection software, plagiarism checking software, penalty of plagiarism, reasons of plagiarism, avoiding plagiarism.
Page No: 114-119

Abstract: Simply said, the goal of every research project is to uncover new information that can be used to solve an issue. Evidence from scientific research lends credibility to the work, not just in the count ry where it is done, but globally. That can only be accomplished with a wholly honest study. Plagiarism occurs when one uses another person's research or writing as one's own without properly attributing the source. Plagiarism is unethical and should be avoided at all costs. Plagiarism can occur for a variety of reasons, both deliberate and unintentional. Universities use a variety of anti-plagiarism programs, but they all tolerate plagiarism at levels of 15–20% because thesis or article preparation is impossible without the use of laws, quotes, formulae, etc., that must be used exactly as written. There is both free and commercial software for finding instances of plagiarism, with the latter being preferred due to its reliability, accuracy, and user-friendliness in the face of potential misuse of uploaded theses and articles. Researchers who plagiarize risk having their funding cut off by the university's grant commission, which views plagiarism as akin to a crime. Plagiarism can only be stopped by strictly enforcing the rules. This article will help the students as well as the researchers to understand the plagiarism, reasons of plagiarism, types, penalties as per University grant commission declared in 2018 and plagiarism detection software (free and commercial). Download PDF

Title: AN ADAPTIVE LOCAL LINEAR REGRESSION MODEL APPLIED IN THE MULTI-RESPONSE OPTIMIZATION OF OIL-IN-WATER EMULSION FOR RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY
Author: Eguasa O. * and E Eguasa M. E.
Keyword: Adaptive local linear regression model; Chemical oxygen demand; Permeate flux (PF); Transmembrane pressure; Turbidity removal; Velocity
Page No: 120-128

Abstract: Response surface methodology (RSM) data was analyzed using the ultrafiltration of oil-in-water emulsion process via the design of experiment (DOE) phase, modeling phase with the choice of appropriate regression model and the optimization phase such that the process is optimized. In the literature, the quadratic regression model (QM) performed better in the region where the data exhibits quadratic trend. However, the QM becomes infamous at the boundaries of the data due to boundary bias problem. The drawback of the QM prompted the use of the ordinary least squares (OLS) regression model and an adaptive local linear regression (?LLR?_AB) model with the intention to address the drawback of QM and hence improve on the goodness-of-fit statistics, zero residual line and the optimization results with a clear justification using the 3D surface plots. In the application, the ?LLR?_AB outperformed the OLS and QM in terms of goodness-of-fit statistics, minimized residual errors and optimization requirement with over desirability of 62% as against 56% and 55% for OLS and QM respectively.Download PDF

Title: AN ADAPTIVE LOCAL LINEAR REGRESSION MODEL APPLIED IN THE MULTI-RESPONSE OPTIMIZATION OF OIL-IN-WATER EMULSION FOR RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY
Author: Eguasa O. * and E Eguasa M. E.
Keyword: Adaptive local linear regression model; Chemical oxygen demand; Permeate flux (PF); Transmembrane pressure; Turbidity removal; Velocity
Page No: 120-128

Abstract: Response surface methodology (RSM) data was analyzed using the ultrafiltration of oil-in-water emulsion process via the design of experiment (DOE) phase, modeling phase with the choice of appropriate regression model and the optimization phase such that the process is optimized. In the literature, the quadratic regression model (QM) performed better in the region where the data exhibits quadratic trend. However, the QM becomes infamous at the boundaries of the data due to boundary bias problem. The drawback of the QM prompted the use of the ordinary least squares (OLS) regression model and an adaptive local linear regression (?LLR?_AB) model with the intention to address the drawback of QM and hence improve on the goodness-of-fit statistics, zero residual line and the optimization results with a clear justification using the 3D surface plots. In the application, the ?LLR?_AB outperformed the OLS and QM in terms of goodness-of-fit statistics, minimized residual errors and optimization requirement with over desirability of 62% as against 56% and 55% for OLS and QM respectively.Download PDF

Title: PHYTOCHEMICAL EVALUATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF MATRICARIA CHAMOMILLA LEAVES
Author: Ruchi Singh*, Bansi Zalavadia, Priyanka Yadav, Suhani A. Shah, Pallavi Suthar
Keyword: Matricaria chamomilla, Antimicrobial activity, Pruritus, Sinusitus
Page No: 129-133

Abstract: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the phytochemical manifestations and antimicrobial efficacy of Matricaria chamomilla (L.) belonging to the family- Asteraceae. The first step was aimed at stud ying the effect of different extraction solvents (water, chloroform and methanol). In the second phase of our study, the antimicrobial activity of the extracts was cut into six Microbial subspecies such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus thuringiensis, Escherichia coli and Fusarium sp.. According to disc distribution method, and provided blocking areas from 7 to 15 mm. Therefore, the release had a moderate blocking function and they respond well to at least one microbial species tested other than the fungal flora. However, the methanolic extract of M. chamomilla reveals potent activity against Pseudomonas sp. with a limited block 22.5 mm.Download PDF

Title: PHYTOCHEMICAL EVALUATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF MATRICARIA CHAMOMILLA LEAVES
Author: Ruchi Singh*, Bansi Zalavadia, Priyanka Yadav, Suhani A. Shah, Pallavi Suthar
Keyword: Matricaria chamomilla, Antimicrobial activity, Pruritus, Sinusitus
Page No: 129-133

Abstract: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the phytochemical manifestations and antimicrobial efficacy of Matricaria chamomilla (L.) belonging to the family- Asteraceae. The first step was aimed at stud ying the effect of different extraction solvents (water, chloroform and methanol). In the second phase of our study, the antimicrobial activity of the extracts was cut into six Microbial subspecies such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus thuringiensis, Escherichia coli and Fusarium sp.. According to disc distribution method, and provided blocking areas from 7 to 15 mm. Therefore, the release had a moderate blocking function and they respond well to at least one microbial species tested other than the fungal flora. However, the methanolic extract of M. chamomilla reveals potent activity against Pseudomonas sp. with a limited block 22.5 mm.Download PDF

Title: DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF EXTENDED RELEASE TABLETS OF LOSARTAN POTASSIUM AND ENALAPRIL MALEATE
Author: Aryarup Chakraborty*, Dharmendra Singh Rajput, Naveen Gupta, Neeraj Sharma
Keyword: Extended Release, Bilayer Tablet, Renin, Tablets
Page No: 134-138

Abstract: The bilayer tablet concept has long been utilized to developed sustained release formulations. Bilayer tablet has a fast releasing layer and contain second layer to sustain the drug release. A fast re leasing granules lead to sudden rise in the blood concentration. However, the blood level is maintained at steady state as the drug release from the sustaining granules. Bilayer tablet consist of two layers of tablet in a single unit. This approach can be used for the treatment of various diseases which require not only single drug but also combination of drugs. Bi-layer tablet is suitable for sequential release of two drugs in combination, separate two incompatible substances and also for sustained release tablet in which one layer is immediate release as initial dose and second layer is maintenance dose. In which the one layer is formulated to obtain immediate release of the drug, with the aim of reaching a high serum concentration in a short period of time. The second layer is a controlled release, which is designed to maintain an effective plasma level for a prolonged period of time. The pharmacokinetic advantage relies on the fact that drug release from fast releasing layer leads to a sudden rise in the blood concentration. However, the blood level is maintained at steady state as the drug is released from the sustaining.Download PDF

Title: DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF EXTENDED RELEASE TABLETS OF LOSARTAN POTASSIUM AND ENALAPRIL MALEATE
Author: Aryarup Chakraborty*, Dharmendra Singh Rajput, Naveen Gupta, Neeraj Sharma
Keyword: Extended Release, Bilayer Tablet, Renin, Tablets
Page No: 134-138

Abstract: The bilayer tablet concept has long been utilized to developed sustained release formulations. Bilayer tablet has a fast releasing layer and contain second layer to sustain the drug release. A fast re leasing granules lead to sudden rise in the blood concentration. However, the blood level is maintained at steady state as the drug release from the sustaining granules. Bilayer tablet consist of two layers of tablet in a single unit. This approach can be used for the treatment of various diseases which require not only single drug but also combination of drugs. Bi-layer tablet is suitable for sequential release of two drugs in combination, separate two incompatible substances and also for sustained release tablet in which one layer is immediate release as initial dose and second layer is maintenance dose. In which the one layer is formulated to obtain immediate release of the drug, with the aim of reaching a high serum concentration in a short period of time. The second layer is a controlled release, which is designed to maintain an effective plasma level for a prolonged period of time. The pharmacokinetic advantage relies on the fact that drug release from fast releasing layer leads to a sudden rise in the blood concentration. However, the blood level is maintained at steady state as the drug is released from the sustaining.Download PDF

	Fast reviewing process: Adopting the fast reviewing process we communicate with authors at all stages till publication. Proactive teams of reviewers from National and International front help us to complete the process within the time.
	IJSR dose not impose any publication fee or processing charges.
	Fast reviewing process: Adopting the fast reviewing process we communicate with authors at all stages till publication. Proactive teams of reviewers from National and International front help us to complete the process within the time.
	IJSR dose not impose any publication fee or processing charges.