Indian Journal of Science and Research

Title: THE STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF IMPROPER HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSAL ON ECOSYSTEMS
Author: Dr Dharmendra Kumar Dubey, Dr Savita Agarwal, Mahendra Pratap Yadav, Aastha Goswami, Ayaz Ravat
Keyword: Ecosystem, Environment, Hazardous waste
Page No: 130-136

Abstract: The improper disposal of hazardous waste poses significant threats to ecosystems, affecting soil, water, air, and biodiversity. This study explores the environmental consequences of hazardous waste mi smanagement, focusing on contamination from industrial chemicals, heavy metals, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals. Key impacts include soil degradation, groundwater pollution, and bioaccumulation of toxins in the food chain. Aquatic ecosystems face threats from chemical runoff and eutrophication, while wildlife suffers from direct toxicity, habitat loss, and biodiversity decline. Additionally, atmospheric pollution from hazardous waste incineration contributes to air quality issues and global warming. Long-term consequences include persistent contamination by substances like heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants (POPs), which disrupt ecological processes and reduce ecosystem services such as clean water and fertile soil. This study emphasizes the need for effective hazardous waste management, including bioremediation techniques and stronger regulatory frameworks, to prevent environmental degradation and protect ecosystem health. By mitigating the effects of hazardous waste, sustainable waste management practices can help preserve biodiversity and ensure long-term ecosystem resilience. Keywords: Ecosystem, Environment, Hazardous waste Download PDF

Title: THE STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF IMPROPER HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSAL ON ECOSYSTEMS
Author: Dr Dharmendra Kumar Dubey, Dr Savita Agarwal, Mahendra Pratap Yadav, Aastha Goswami, Ayaz Ravat
Keyword: Ecosystem, Environment, Hazardous waste
Page No: 130-136

Abstract: The improper disposal of hazardous waste poses significant threats to ecosystems, affecting soil, water, air, and biodiversity. This study explores the environmental consequences of hazardous waste mi smanagement, focusing on contamination from industrial chemicals, heavy metals, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals. Key impacts include soil degradation, groundwater pollution, and bioaccumulation of toxins in the food chain. Aquatic ecosystems face threats from chemical runoff and eutrophication, while wildlife suffers from direct toxicity, habitat loss, and biodiversity decline. Additionally, atmospheric pollution from hazardous waste incineration contributes to air quality issues and global warming. Long-term consequences include persistent contamination by substances like heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants (POPs), which disrupt ecological processes and reduce ecosystem services such as clean water and fertile soil. This study emphasizes the need for effective hazardous waste management, including bioremediation techniques and stronger regulatory frameworks, to prevent environmental degradation and protect ecosystem health. By mitigating the effects of hazardous waste, sustainable waste management practices can help preserve biodiversity and ensure long-term ecosystem resilience. Keywords: Ecosystem, Environment, Hazardous waste Download PDF

Title: A SURVEY OF CHATGPT: CAPABILITIES, APPLICATIONS, AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Author: Si Thu, KoKo Maung and Hlaing Htake Khaung Tin
Keyword: ChatGPT, AI, GPT-2, GPT-3, survey
Page No: 137-144

Abstract: This survey paper summarizes ChatGPT, one of the state-of-the-art conversational AI models presented by OpenAI, and its legacy from its ancestors. The underlying architecture demonstrates applications across many diverse domains. This paper summarizes comparative studies that have been done on ChatGPT, highlighting its performance relative to other models, such as GPT-2 and GPT-3. This paper is going to discuss, among others, some of the technical limitations, ethical issues, and scalability problems regarding ChatGPT, while also indicating a direction for their research and development. We believe our findings may highlight both the magnificent capabilities and challenges lying beneath ChatGPT and provide a useful source of information for scholars, practitioners, and decision-makers. We also further discuss the technical limitations, ethical issues, and scalability problems of ChatGPT in detail, especially concerning data privacy, bias, and computation. Finally, we conclude with some proposals for future research and development in the area by pointing out the need for increased transparency, robustness, and alignment with human values. We want to develop deep insights into the capabilities and challenges of ChatGPT because the results are of paramount importance to researchers, practitioners, and policymakers interested in taking full advantage of the benefits offered by Conversational AI but at the same time marginalizing its complexities. Keywords: ChatGPT, AI, GPT-2, GPT-3, survey. Download PDF

Title: A SURVEY OF CHATGPT: CAPABILITIES, APPLICATIONS, AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Author: Si Thu, KoKo Maung and Hlaing Htake Khaung Tin
Keyword: ChatGPT, AI, GPT-2, GPT-3, survey
Page No: 137-144

Abstract: This survey paper summarizes ChatGPT, one of the state-of-the-art conversational AI models presented by OpenAI, and its legacy from its ancestors. The underlying architecture demonstrates applications across many diverse domains. This paper summarizes comparative studies that have been done on ChatGPT, highlighting its performance relative to other models, such as GPT-2 and GPT-3. This paper is going to discuss, among others, some of the technical limitations, ethical issues, and scalability problems regarding ChatGPT, while also indicating a direction for their research and development. We believe our findings may highlight both the magnificent capabilities and challenges lying beneath ChatGPT and provide a useful source of information for scholars, practitioners, and decision-makers. We also further discuss the technical limitations, ethical issues, and scalability problems of ChatGPT in detail, especially concerning data privacy, bias, and computation. Finally, we conclude with some proposals for future research and development in the area by pointing out the need for increased transparency, robustness, and alignment with human values. We want to develop deep insights into the capabilities and challenges of ChatGPT because the results are of paramount importance to researchers, practitioners, and policymakers interested in taking full advantage of the benefits offered by Conversational AI but at the same time marginalizing its complexities. Keywords: ChatGPT, AI, GPT-2, GPT-3, survey. Download PDF

Title: EFFECT OF CORIANDRUM SATIVUM AS COGNITIVE AND AS A ANTIOXIDANT IN DIAZEPAM INDUCED AMNESIA MICE
Author: Sunil Chauhan, Seema Sahu, Dr. Pratyush Jain
Keyword: Cognition, amnesia, antioxidant, Coriandrum sativum, diazepam
Page No: 145-149

Abstract: The objective of the present study was to investigate and establish the antiamnesic/memory enhancing effect as well as the antioxidant capability of the ethanol extract of the fruits of Coriandrum sat ivum. The extract was found to contain alkaloids, phenols, tannins, flavonoids and triterpenoids. The total phenolic content was determined and the total phenolic present in the ethanolic extract was found to be 44.86±2.689 GAE mg/g. The cognition enhancement potential of the ethanolic extract was determined by diazepam induced amnesia model at two doses (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) using actophotometer (locomotion) and pole climbing test (passive avoidance time). The percent improvement in locomotion compared to the disease control was found to be 24.49 and 29.31% respectively at the low and high dose of CSEE on the 8th day and 29.31 and 70.93% respectively at the low and high dose of CSEE on the 9th day suggesting a significant improvement in memory. On the other hand mice treated with CSEE were able to reduce the passive avoidance time by 13.29% at 200 mg/kg dose and 23.42% at 400 mg/kg dose on the 8th day whereas on the 9th day the time was further reduced by 27.75% at 200 mg/kg dose and 41.89% at 400 mg/kg dose on the 9th day as compared to the disease control suggesting a significant improvement in memory. The antioxidant activity of CSEE was studied by assessing the total reducing potential by reduction of potassium ferricyanide (Fe3+) to form potassium ferrocyanide (Fe2+). The extract was able to produce time and dose dependent reduction in the substrate suggesting antioxidant activity. Keywords: Cognition, amnesia, antioxidant, Coriandrum sativum, diazepam Download PDF

Title: EFFECT OF CORIANDRUM SATIVUM AS COGNITIVE AND AS A ANTIOXIDANT IN DIAZEPAM INDUCED AMNESIA MICE
Author: Sunil Chauhan, Seema Sahu, Dr. Pratyush Jain
Keyword: Cognition, amnesia, antioxidant, Coriandrum sativum, diazepam
Page No: 145-149

Abstract: The objective of the present study was to investigate and establish the antiamnesic/memory enhancing effect as well as the antioxidant capability of the ethanol extract of the fruits of Coriandrum sat ivum. The extract was found to contain alkaloids, phenols, tannins, flavonoids and triterpenoids. The total phenolic content was determined and the total phenolic present in the ethanolic extract was found to be 44.86±2.689 GAE mg/g. The cognition enhancement potential of the ethanolic extract was determined by diazepam induced amnesia model at two doses (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) using actophotometer (locomotion) and pole climbing test (passive avoidance time). The percent improvement in locomotion compared to the disease control was found to be 24.49 and 29.31% respectively at the low and high dose of CSEE on the 8th day and 29.31 and 70.93% respectively at the low and high dose of CSEE on the 9th day suggesting a significant improvement in memory. On the other hand mice treated with CSEE were able to reduce the passive avoidance time by 13.29% at 200 mg/kg dose and 23.42% at 400 mg/kg dose on the 8th day whereas on the 9th day the time was further reduced by 27.75% at 200 mg/kg dose and 41.89% at 400 mg/kg dose on the 9th day as compared to the disease control suggesting a significant improvement in memory. The antioxidant activity of CSEE was studied by assessing the total reducing potential by reduction of potassium ferricyanide (Fe3+) to form potassium ferrocyanide (Fe2+). The extract was able to produce time and dose dependent reduction in the substrate suggesting antioxidant activity. Keywords: Cognition, amnesia, antioxidant, Coriandrum sativum, diazepam Download PDF

Title: A REVIEW OF 3D Vs. 4D IMAGE PROCESSING: TECHNIQUES, APPLICATIONS, AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Author: Poe Ei Phyu, April Thet Su, Hlaing Htake Khaung Tin
Keyword: 3D, 4D, review, applications, image processing.
Page No: 150-160

Abstract: This review discusses and compares 3D and 4D image processing about the involved techniques, applications, and challenges. 3D image processing deals with spatial data analysis and has revolutionized m edical imaging, computer vision, and entertainment industries. It facilitates the correct presentation and interpretation of real-world objects, supported by the high-quality 3D reconstruction, segmentation, and volume rendering necessary for the desired spatial analysis. Contrasting this, 4D image processing adds a temporal dimension to the process, thus allowing the examination of dynamic systems within a time frame. Applications ranging from real-time medical imaging to motion tracking and fluid dynamics have opened new frontiers, given that changes can now be tracked in depth in space and time. Though computationally heavy for 3D processing, these challenges multiply in 4D, where handling large datasets and achieving real-time performance is even more demanding. Despite these challenges, the performance of both these fields is improving rapidly, abetted by key contributions from both machine learning and hardware advances. This review frames the growing importance of 4D image processing of dynamic scenes-which may eventually push beyond the limits of 3D in all applications requiring temporal analysis-and points out several directions for future research in real-time 4D processing and AI-driven techniques. Keywords: 3D, 4D, review, applications, image processing. Download PDF

Title: A REVIEW OF 3D Vs. 4D IMAGE PROCESSING: TECHNIQUES, APPLICATIONS, AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Author: Poe Ei Phyu, April Thet Su, Hlaing Htake Khaung Tin
Keyword: 3D, 4D, review, applications, image processing.
Page No: 150-160

Abstract: This review discusses and compares 3D and 4D image processing about the involved techniques, applications, and challenges. 3D image processing deals with spatial data analysis and has revolutionized m edical imaging, computer vision, and entertainment industries. It facilitates the correct presentation and interpretation of real-world objects, supported by the high-quality 3D reconstruction, segmentation, and volume rendering necessary for the desired spatial analysis. Contrasting this, 4D image processing adds a temporal dimension to the process, thus allowing the examination of dynamic systems within a time frame. Applications ranging from real-time medical imaging to motion tracking and fluid dynamics have opened new frontiers, given that changes can now be tracked in depth in space and time. Though computationally heavy for 3D processing, these challenges multiply in 4D, where handling large datasets and achieving real-time performance is even more demanding. Despite these challenges, the performance of both these fields is improving rapidly, abetted by key contributions from both machine learning and hardware advances. This review frames the growing importance of 4D image processing of dynamic scenes-which may eventually push beyond the limits of 3D in all applications requiring temporal analysis-and points out several directions for future research in real-time 4D processing and AI-driven techniques. Keywords: 3D, 4D, review, applications, image processing. Download PDF

	Fast reviewing process: Adopting the fast reviewing process we communicate with authors at all stages till publication. Proactive teams of reviewers from National and International front help us to complete the process within the time.
	IJSR dose not impose any publication fee or processing charges.
	Fast reviewing process: Adopting the fast reviewing process we communicate with authors at all stages till publication. Proactive teams of reviewers from National and International front help us to complete the process within the time.
	IJSR dose not impose any publication fee or processing charges.